Mirce science - latest papers
Mirce Science: Physical Scale of Machine In-service Reality
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, Mirce Science Akademy, Bickleigh, Tiverton, EX16 8RF, UK
Abstract: The philosophy of Mirce science is based on the premise that the purpose of existence of any machine is to do expected work, which is considered to be done when a measurable function(s) is delivered through in-service time. However, experience teaches us that in-service performance of these machines gets discontinued by imposing phenomena of in-service reality, like: fatigue, operator induced errors, corrosion, creep, foreign object damage, a faulty weld, bird strike, perished rubber, shark bites, carburettor icing, space radiation, to name just a few. Consequently, maintaining the design-in performance beyond the delivery day requires a work to be done on a machine, like: troubleshooting, repairs, replacements, modifications, diagnostics, “cannibalisation”, change of operational location/mode, and so forth. Thus, the motion of machines through in-service reality is governed by natural and human actions that are manifested through occurrences of observable in-service events mentioned above. For over 50 years the author has been conducted a systematic research focused on the full understanding of the mechanisms of these actions in order to predict and manage expected in-service performance of machines. Corrosion, as one of many well known and observable mechanism of the motion of machines through in-service reality, is used in this paper to support the conclusion made. Thus, in Mirce science, the minimum physical scale of in-service reality of machines that must be addressed is between: the system Atom (10-10 metre), on one hand, the Solar system (1010 metre) on the other, for the accurate predictions of the in-service performance to be made.
https://peninsula-press.ae/Journals/index.php/KHWARIZMIA/article/view/279
https://lnkd.in/eRjpXm_D
Mirce Science: Moon Night as a Mechanism of the Motion of Space Machines through In-service Reality
Dr J. Knezevic, Mirce Science Akademy
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that the motion of space machines through in-service time is not only driven by their own capabilities, but also by the actions generated by the natural phenomena of their in-service reality. Hence, this paper addresses the clockwork sequence of occurrences of the day-night cycle on the Moon. This specific phenomenon is a well known property of Moon’s physical existence and its position within the Solar system. Consequently, the paper examines the impact of temperatures that go even two hundred degrees below zero during the 14 Earth days long Moon night. This is a permanent challenge for any human mission to the Moon and even bigger for using it as a launch pad for the missions to Mars and beyond. Although these are long term ambitions for the human race, they need solutions. Part of that solution is Mirce Science which provides a framework for predicting the in-service behaviour of space machines by subjecting mechanisms of causing actions to the Mirce functionability equation. This enables designers to compare mission options quantitatively and choose the configuration with the highest probability of success related to the future human ambitions related to inhabiting and exploiting the Moon and space beyond. In the paper, Radioisotope Heater Units, Nuclear Reactors, Solar Arrays and Lithium-ion Batteries, are briefly examined as the primary source of electrical power during the lunar day, together with their generic functionability trajectories.
Mirce Science: Metals from Spacecraft Re-entry as Functionability Mechanism in Human Modifying Stratosphere
Dr J. Knezevic, Mirce Science Akademy
Abstract: The main objective of the paper is to draw attention of humans on Earth on changes in the natural properties of atmosphere by re-entries of spent rocket bodies and defunct satellites that generate metal vapours, which condense into aerosol particles and descend into the stratosphere. While majority of models of spacecraft re-entry have focused on the hazard generated by objects that survive to the surface rather the fate of the metals that vaporise and totally neglected. Latest research studies show that vaporised metals traces during spacecraft re-entries can be clearly measured in stratospheric sulphuric acid particles. Over 20 elements from re-entry were detected and are traceable to alloys used for spacecraft production. As the number of low earth orbit satellites is rapidly increasing it could be expected that within the next few decades nearly half of stratospheric sulphuric acid particles will contain metals from their re-entries. From Mirce science point of view, it is realistic to assume that the metallic content in stratospheric aerosol will become a human generated functionability action that will shape working processes of spacecraft in that portion of atmosphere and as such it has to be understood and adequately addressed by all parties concerned.
Mirce Science: Maintenance Actions at the Distance of 592 Million Kilometres from Earth on NASA’s Juno Spacecraft
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, Mirce Science Akademy
Abstract: The main objective of the paper is to draw attention of the space community to another innovative approach to maintenance at distance, conceived and implemented by the mission Team of the NASA’s Jupiter-orbiting Juno spacecraft. In December 2023 they executed a “deep-space move” to repair its JunoCam imager to capture photos of the Jovian moon Io, without trained maintenance personnel and with no existing maintenance manual, tools or equipment. At that time NASA’s spacecraft Juno has been orbiting planet Jupiter at the distance of 597x106 km from Earth. The paper is analysing the maintenance task at the distance through the prism of Mirce Science and draws conclusions that could be useful during the planning of the future space working processes. It is essential to stress that the opportunities to executed maintenance action at the distance are only possible if they are envisaged at the design stages of the future spacecraft and conditions created during their working processes. It that context the paper briefly defined the planet Jupiter and it physical characteristics as a “host” of the Juno mission, followed by the brief description of the Juno spacecraft design and finally, the details of positive and negative functionability actions taken on JunoCam, based on the information thus available. (Annals of Mirce Science 2025)
Mirce Science: Impact of Bees on Aircraft Functionability
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, Mirce Science Akademy
Abstract: Impacts of bees on aircraft could have significant consequences on flight delays and cancellations. Hence, it is considered as one of the many mechanisms that generate negative functionability events, from the Mirce Science point of view, which compels the affected aircraft out of scheduled service. At the beginning of the paper several examples of encounters of bees and aircraft are briefly described as an observed functionability phenomenon, on all five populated continents. The second part of the paper briefly examines the bees species to understand their physiological characteristics and life cycle phases, as a natural functionability mechanism that could generate undesirable negative consequences to the travelling public and financial losses to the airlines due to the withdrawal from service of the affected aircraft, or mission rejection in public services. Methods for dealing with bees from infected aircraft surfaces are briefly presented at the end of the paper, as the potential positive functionability action, performed to return them to a positive functionability state. (Annals of Mirce Science 2025)
Mirce Science: Impact of Windscreen Damage on Functionability Performance of Commercial Aircraft
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, MIRCE Akademy
Abstract:Flights cancellations or diversions of flights of commercial aircraft caused by windscreen damage have significant impact on their functionability performance. Thus, this paper addresses windscreen damage as an observed phenomenon from the Mirce science point of view, which means that it is considered as a mechanism that generates negative functionability events, which compels the affected aircraft out of scheduled service. The paper briefly examines the types of damage experienced in the past to understand their physical manifestations, as a negative functionability action that could generate undesirable consequences to the travelling public and financial losses to the airlines due to the withdrawal from service of the affected aircraft. Several design and operational methods for reducing the probability of windscreen damage are briefly presented in the paper, as the potential positive functionability actions to be taken to return them to scheduled service. (Annals of Mirce Science 2025)
Mirce Science: Impact of Windscreen Damage on Functionability Performance of Commercial Aircraft
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, MIRCE Akademy, Woodbury Park, Exeter, UK
Abstract: Flights cancellations or diversions of flights of commercial aircraft caused by windscreen damage have significant impact on their functionability performance. Thus, this paper addresses windscreen damage as an observed phenomenon from the Mirce science point of view, which means that it is considered as a mechanism that generates negative functionability events, which compels the affected aircraft out of scheduled service. The paper briefly examines the types of damage experienced in the past to understand their physical manifestations, as a negative functionability action that could generate undesirable consequences to the travelling public and financial losses to the airlines due to the withdrawal from service of the affected aircraft. Several design and operational methods for reducing the probability of windscreen damage are briefly presented in the paper, as the potential positive functionability actions to be taken to return them to scheduled service.
Mirce Science: Impact of Bed Bugs Infestations on Functionability Performance of Commercial Aircraft
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, MIRCE Akademy, Woodbury Park, Exeter, EX5 1JJ, UK
Abstract: Flights cancellations caused by bed bug infestations of commercial aircraft have significant impact of their functionability performance. Thus, this paper addresses bed bugs infestation as an observed phenomenon from the Mirce Science point of view, which means that it is considered as a mechanism that generates negative functionability events, which compels the affected aircraft out of scheduled service. The paper briefly examines the bed bug species to understand their physiological characteristics and life cycle phases, as a natural functionability action that could generate undesirable negative consequences to the travelling public and financial losses to the airlines due to the withdrawal from service of the affected aircraft. Several methods for eradicating bed bugs from infected commercial aircraft surfaces are briefly presented in the paper, as the potential positive functionability action, performed to return them to scheduled working processes.
MIRCE Science: Clear Air Turbulence as a Mechanism of the Motion of Aircraft through MIRCE Space
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, MIRCE Akademy, Woodbury Park, Exeter, EX5 1JJ, United Kingdom
MIRCE Science is a theory of the motion of a working system through working process, resulting from any imposing natural and human action whatsoever. Clear air turbulence is a unique natural action that occurs when turbulent masses of air moving at different speeds collide without visual clues, often blindsiding pilots as result. This form of turbulence could be dangerous for passengers and crew who are moving around the cabin when it occurs or sitting without their seatbelts fastened. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to understand the physical mechanisms that generate the occurrences of clear air turbulence and assesses their impacts the motion of an aircraft through MIRCE Space. The available methods for dealing with this imposing functionability action in respect to the provision of safety and protection are also addressed in the paper.
MIRCE Science: Functionability Management of Autonomously Working Systems on Earth Affected by Impacts of Severe Space Weather on Orbiting Satellites
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic, MIRCE Akademy, Woodbury Park, Exeter, EX5 1JJ, United Kingdom
Harmful impacts of severe space weather on a large number of modern technological systems like: power networks, aviation, satellite services, radio communication and pipelines; have been observed and documented in the literature. Hence, the author concluded that space weather must have a similar impact on the digital technologies that will be used to provide the autonomy to the autonomously working systems in the future, like cars, trains, ships, drones and so forth. Thus, this paper briefly examined the space weather phenomena that could affect functionability of autonomously working systems by impacting provision of data provided by sensors contained in Earth orbiting satellites. Thus, MIRCE Science based philosophy made the author to conclude that functionability management of autonomously working systems in the future should focus on the protection of the sensors located in orbiting satellites from the exposure to continuously generating space weather in the Sun, by accurately monitoring their trajectories. Hence, when the damaging impact of severe space weather is predicted, the targeting satellite(s) should be temporarily moved to different orbital positions. This new type of functionability management is the only feasible solution for the provision of continuous operation of autonomously working systems of the Earth, as the physical execution of any maintenance tasks on sensors damaged by the impact of the space weather, within satellites, is impossible.
Remote Sensing of Natural and Man-made Disasters
Lazar Jeftic, Jezdimir Knezevic, Nevena Jeftic
Space Debris Research Lab, MIRCE Akademy,
Woodbury Park, Exeter, EX5 1JJ, United Kingdom
The main objective of this paper is to draw attention on the importance of remote sensing of the small natural and man-made disasters by analysing and recording them, as they posed a risk to human well-being and the environment. Examples presented include oil spills, dam failure, ship disaster, wildfires, hailstorm and flooding. They took place between 2016 and 2022. Small disaster events are of special interest to be addressed, because if their consequences are forgotten and over passed the greater damage to people and the environment could be experienced when the next disaster happens. Many of the small disaster events impoverish the people and households through space and time making them more vulnerable to the upcoming future hazards.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383785011_Remote_Sensing_
of_Natural_and_Man-made_Disasters
MIRCE Science: Lightning as an Imposing Functionability Action
Dr Jezdimir Knezevic
MIRCE Science is a theory of the motion of working systems through Mirce Space compelled by imposing functionability actions, which is used for predicting expected functionability performance for a working system type. For accurate predictions to be made it is essential a scientific understanding of the mechanisms that govern imposing functionability actions, the occurrences of negative functionability events before engineering, technological, business and economical decisions are made. Lightning strikes are not uncommon physical mechanisms that completed the motion of working systems through Mirce Space. For example, airliners in the worldwide fleet average at least one strike per year. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to understand physical mechanisms that generate the occurrences of lightening events and assesses their impacts on the work done by working systems in general and an aircraft in particular. The available methods for dealing with them in respect to the provision of safety by detection, protection and design are also addressed in the paper.
MIRCE Science: Shark Bite as a Mechanism of Motion of Submarine Cables through MIRCE Space
J. Knezevic
Sharks represent a serious, but still not fully understood, threat to modern communication systems connected through submarine cables. While the vast majority of sharks do not cause any damage to cables, some shark bites have led to serious consequences to submarine cables used for the worldwide internet connection, generating high repair costs and long outages. Thus, this paper addresses shark bites from the MIRCE Science point of view, which means that it is considered as a mechanism that generates a negative functionability event that causes the motion of a system from a positive to negative functionability state. Therefore, this paper briefly examines the shark species to understand the capabilities and strength of shark bites as mechanisms that could generate undesirable negative consequences the in-service life of affected working systems. The method for predicting impacts of potential protective actions taken by design and operational decisions on in-service reliability, cost and effectiveness of submarine cables can be calculated by making use of MIRCE Functionability Equation are presented in the paper.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381195277_Shark_Bite_as_
a_Mechanism_of_Motion_of_Submarine_Cables_through_MIRCE_Space
_Annals_of_MIRCE_Science_MSA2024-6-6
Space Weather as a Mechanism of Motion of Autonomous Trains in MIRCE Science
Jezdimir Knezevic
The main objective of this paper is to draw attention to the scientific approach to reliability and safety of autonomous trains, promoted by MIRCE Science, as guidance for the design engineers and operational managers of the future driverless rail transportation systems. Hence, scientific understandings of the mechanisms that cause undesirable events during their operation by surrounding natural environment are required. This paper focuses on already experienced negative impacts of space weather on reliability and safety of technological systems like power networks, aviation, ships, pipelines, digital control systems and similar. The events presented in this paper should be served as the lessons learned that must be considered during the development of the operational concepts of the future autonomous trains and technologies used. Then and only then, accurate and meaningful reliability and safety actions could be taken by design engineers and operational managers that should be able to deal with potentially harmful consequences of the space weather on the working effectiveness of autonomous trains.
Pre-Determined Debris Avoidance Maneuvers (PDAMs) as Mechanism of Motion of International Space Station through MIRCE Space
Lazar Jeftic, Jezdimir Knezevic, Space Debris Research Lab - MIRCE Akademy, Exeter, UK
MIRCE Science is a theory of the motion of working system through MIRCE Space caused by any action whatsoever. The International Space Station is orbiting the Earth since 1998. At its orbit of 400 km there is huge concentration of orbital debris resulting from accidents, failures or, in some cases, deliberate destruction of human sent spacecraft. Due to their speed the debris present a serious treat to the safety of the station and its crew. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to present the accurate available record of the pre-determined debris avoidance maneuvers taken by the International Space Station thus far, through the perspective of MIRCE Science. The information regarding 24 functionability actions have been identified and presented in paper of out 38 recorded. Identifications of the tractable orbital debris that constituted negative functionability actions threatening the safety of ISS are cited. The cost of the resources used for the execution of avoiding functionability actions has been presented together with the estimated costs of the fuel consumed. Finally, this paper clearly confirms the fourth axiom of MIRCE Science that states “The probability that a functionable (working) system type will move to a negative functionability state at any instant of time is greater than zero”, regarding possible collisions of ISS with orbiting orbital debris. .
Group Replacement as Management Action in MIRCE Science
Dr J. Knezevic, MIRCE Akademy, Woodbury Park, Exeter, U.K.
The philosophy of MIRCE Science is based on the premise that the purpose of the existence of any working system is to do work. The work is considered to be done when the expected measurable function is performed through time. However, it is commonly accepted that all working systems require some sort of maintenance during their lives. It is also commonly accepted that while required maintenance tasks are performed working systems are not doing any work. Thus, the amount of work lost due to maintenance is directly proportional to the duration of the maintenance tasks and frequencies of their demands. It is also commonly accepted that the amount of work lost has monetary, reputational or social consequences. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to show how group replacement could be used as a proactive management action for increasing work done in respect to individual replacements. According to this management action the failure of any one item, from the designated group, initiates the replacement of all the items from the group, in aid of reducing the number of maintenance tasks required and thus increasing the work done. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the practical application of MIRCE Science for the quantitative assessment of the impact of the group replacement on work done and resources committed by applying this management action. https://doi.org/10.12709/mest.12.12.01.06 or https://www.meste.org/ojs/index.php/mest/article/view/1371
Orbital Launch Anomalies as a Mechanisms of Motion of Space Rockets through MIRCE Space
Dr J. Knezevic, MIRCE Akademy, Exeter, UK
The main objective of this paper is to briefly describe several orbital launches where space rockets of different types have either never made it to space or failed to deploy their payloads once they got there. The common denominator for a failure of each space rocket type, according to publicly available information provided by their management and sponsoring teams, was a launch anomaly. Based on the extremely short duration of all missions considered, the most probable mechanisms that caused orbital launch anomalies, in accordance to the MIRCE Science theory, have been induced into rockets by human actions during: design, production, assembly, transportation or launch processes. As the anomalies occurred on space rockets that are designed, produced and launched by different companies, located on different continents, it could be concluded that human errors are a generic phenomenon of the human race. The orbital launch anomalies observed in this paper are in agreement with the 5th Axiom of MIRCE Science that states, “Probability of human error in execution of any task is greater than zero”.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-7782-7